SL Paper 2
“Resource insecurity is becoming the main cause of forced migration.” To what extent do you agree with this statement?
Outline what is meant by “fertility rate”.
Suggest two reasons why fertility rates decline when the status of women is improved.
Reason 1:
Reason 2:
Explain why some places have an uneven sex ratio as a result of migration.
Explain why some places have an uneven sex ratio as a result of an ageing society.
Outline what is meant by the rate of natural increase.
Explain one political cause and one political consequence of forced migration.
Political cause:
Political consequence:
Explain two policies that are used to promote gender equality.
Policy 1:
Policy 2:
“Of all the demographic challenges nations face, ageing is the most serious.” To what extent do you agree with this statement?
“The greatest global demographic challenge is the growth of overpopulated megacities.” To what extent do you agree with this statement?
Changing population
The graph shows actual and projected changes in the median population age of three countries between 1960 and 2080.
[Source: © International Baccalaureate Organization 2019]
State the median age for Country B in the year 2000.
State which country has the greatest projected increase in median age between 2010 and 2040.
Explain one reason why the median age of a population could decrease.
Explain one environmental consequence of one named forced migration.
Named example of forced migration:
Environmental consequence:
Explain one policy designed to prevent human trafficking.
Changing population
The graph shows trends in the sex and age profiles of people trafficked in Central and Southeastern Europe between 2009 and 2014.
“Men” refers to males aged 18 and older; “boys” refers to males aged 17 and younger.
“Women” refers to females aged 18 and older; “girls” refers to females aged 17 and younger.
[Source: UNODC, Global Report on Trafficking in Persons 2016, United Nations Office On Drugs And Crime
© 2016, United Nations, adapted with the permission of the United Nations.]
State which year had the highest percentage of children trafficked.
Determine the range in percentage of women trafficked.
Explain one way in which people trafficking can be reduced.
Suggest how two groups of people have been affected by one pro-natalist or anti-natalist policy you have studied.
Country:
Group 1:
Group 2:
The graph shows the actual and projected population trends in Japan, from 1920 to 2060.
[Source: Adapted from JonMcDonald, CC BY-SA 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0, via Wikimedia
Commons.]
Describe the projected trends for the two dependent population groups from 2020 to 2060.
Suggest two potential socio-economic problems that could result from the projected population trend.
Socio-economic problem 1:
Socio-economic problem 2:
Explain two ways in which one named country benefits from a demographic dividend.
Named country:
Way 1:
Way 2:
The map shows the distribution of population in Venezuela.
[Source: Geo-Ref.net, 2020. Country map – Administrative structure – Population density of Venezuela. [online] Available at:
http://www.geo-ref.net/en/ven.htm [Accessed 12 May 2020]. Source adapted.]
Outline the distribution of the Venezuelan states with population densities of above 100 persons per km2.
Explain two physical reasons why some areas have a low population density.
Reason 1:
Reason 2:
Explain one cultural reason and one economic reason why fertility rates are decreasing.
Cultural reason:
Economic reason:
The infographic shows some of the present and future characteristics of global megacities.
[Source: Desjardins, J., 2018. Mapping the World’s New Megacities in 2030. Visual Capitalist, [online]
October 26. Available at: https://www.visualcapitalist.com/mapping-the-worlds-new-megacities-in-2030/
[Accessed 30 September 2020]. Source adapted.
2018 GLOBAL TRAFFIC SCORECARD. The INRIX 2018 Global Traffic Scorecard is an analysis of congestion
and mobility trends in more than 200 cities in 38 countries. Available at: https://inrix.com/wp-content/
uploads/2019/02/Traffic-Scorecard-Infographic-2018_US-FINAL-v5.pdf [Accessed 20 April 2021]. Source
adapted.
Demographia World Urban Areas 16th Annual Edition 2020. 04. [pdf online], pp. 23–41. Available at:
https://www.academia.edu/42999960/Db_worldua [Accessed 20 April 2021]. Source adapted.]
Determine the range of hours lost in congestion per year in the selected megacities.
Identify one megacity that will see an estimated decline in population between 2017 and 2030.
Describe the pattern of estimated GDP growth in Asian megacities between 2017 and 2030.
To what extent does the infographic indicate that the consequences of megacity growth are always negative?
The infographic shows information on the characteristics of extreme poverty and its reduction.
[Source: adapted from The World Bank Group https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2014/10/10/ending-poverty-is-within-our-reach. Data is from 2014 and therefore some data may no longer be accurate. Please see this link for more recent data: 2018/10/17/infographic-poverty-and-shared-prosperity-2018-piecing-together-the-poverty-puzzle.]
Estimate the percentage of daily income that those in extreme poverty spend on food.
Identify in which decade extreme poverty declined the fastest.
Using evidence from the infographic, explain one way it clearly demonstrates to the audience how they can help end poverty.
Evaluate the strength of the links between poverty and gender that are shown in this infographic.